1st Edition
Canines The Original Biosensors
Detection canines have been utilized throughout the world for over a century, and while numerous attempts have been made to replicate the canine’s ability to detect substances by mechanical means, none has been as successful. The olfactory system is a highly intricate and sophisticated design for chemical sensing, and the olfactory capacity of many animals, including canines, is considered unmatched by machine due to not only their great sensitivity and superior selectivity but also their trainability and mobility. These unique features have led to the use of such animals as "whole-animal" biosensors.
Amplifying the benefits and diminishing the limitations of detection canines' interdisciplinary research is crucial to understanding canine olfaction and detection and enhancing this powerful and complex detector. The past 50 years have produced vast advancements in animal behavior/training technology to develop canines into more proficient and reliable sensors, while scientific research has provided tremendous support to help practitioners better understand how to utilize this powerful sensor. This book assembles a diverse group of authors with expertise in a variety of fields relating to detection canines and the chemical sensing industry, including both research and operational perspectives on detection canines. It illustrates how science enhances our understanding of how canines are employed for solving some of the world’s leading detection challenges.
Section 1: A Dog’s World: Chemical Sensing through Olfaction
1. Introduction: Canine, the Original Biosensor
Lauryn E. DeGreeff
2. Comparing the Olfactory Capabilities of Dogs with Machines Designed to Detect Odors
Kenneth G. Furton and David Winialski
3. Sensitivity and Selectivity in Canine Detectors
Lauryn E. DeGreeff, Melissa Singletary, and Lucia Lazarowski
4. Chemical Information in Olfactory and Sensor Array Systems
Kevin J. Johnson and Adam C. Knapp
5. Insect Olfaction in Chemical Sensing
Debajit Saha
Section 2: Understanding the Canine Biosensor: Fundamentals
6. Neurobiological, Cognitive, and Behavioral Bases of Canine Olfactory Capabilities in Detection
Melissa Singletary and Lucia Lazarowski
7. Understanding the Dynamics of Odor to Aid in Odor Detection
Lauryn E. DeGreeff and Michele Maughan
8. Towards the Development of a Human Scent Model
Brian Eckenrode, Paige Riley, Allyson Dailey, and Robin Couch
9. How Science Supports and Law Influences Forensic Canine Utilization in the United States: Considerations for Human Scent Evidence (Trailing) and Human Remains Detection Canines
Craig Schultz, Jan J. Topoleski, Brian Eckenrode, Christopher Tipple, Wynn G. Warren, and Mark Rispoli
Section 3: Fostering an Effective Sensor: Training and Evaluation
10. Training the Sensor: Impacts of Learning on Canine Detection and Performance
Edgar O. Aviles-Rosa, Mallory T. DeChant, and Nathaniel J. Hall
11. Training Considerations for Operational Performance: Train the Handler, Train the Dog, Train the Team
Bradley Gillespie
12. When Does Handler Perception Become Canine Detection? How Applied Behavior Analysis and Ethology Can Improve Handler Interpretation of Canine Behavior
Ann Waterbury and Craig A. Schultz
13. Considerations for Testing the Capability of Operational Detection Dogs
Fay Porritt, Nina Cracknell, Victoria Ratcliffe, Kevin Elliker, Bethany Hutchings, Lorna Irish, Ella Birch, Hannah Robbins, Natasha D’Souza, Edward Croft, Emma Hobbs, and Nicola Sibbald
14. Considerations in Vapor Generation and Delivery for Canine Testing and Training
Matthew Mullen and Braden C. Giordano
Section 4: The Canine Biosensor in Practice
15. Dogs as Detectors for Hidden Digital Storage Devices: A Pilot Study from the National Police of The Netherlands
Stèphan J. Petersen and Adee Schoon
16. The Use of Dogs for the Detection of Human Remains
Lorna Irish and Natasha Dilkie
17. Canine Detection of Blood Evidence
LaTara Rust, Katie D. Nizio, and Shari L. Forbes
18. Using Trained Dogs in Rape and Assault Cases
Adee Schoon, Annemieke van Dam, and Dick Staal
19. Role of Dogs in Detection of Human Diseases
Adee Schoon, Patrick Hilverink, Danielle de Jonge, and Rune Fjellanger
20. Canine Detection Teams to Support Oil Spill Response Surveys
Edward H. Owens and Paul C. Bunker
21. Broader Perspectives: Case Studies of Detection Canines in the Field
Lauryn E. DeGreeff
Biography
Lauryn E. DeGreeff earned her PhD in forensic chemistry from Florida International University (FIU), USA, where she is presently a professor in the Chemistry Department and the International Forensic Science Research Institute. Prior to returning to FIU, she conducted her research as part of the Chemistry Division at the US Naval Research Laboratory in Washington DC. Dr. DeGreeff takes a chemistry-based approach to studying olfaction for the purpose of informing field vapor sampling practices. Her research focuses on trace vapor sampling, characterization, and generation in support of canine and other field detection approaches. Dr. DeGreeff regularly lectures on the dynamics of odor for the operational community.
Craig A. Schultz has 30 years of experience in animal behavior with organizations such as Disney’s Animal Kingdom, Palm Beach Zoo, Jacksonville Zoo, the United States Department of Agriculture’s National Detector Dog Training Center, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. He has been a guest lecturer at several universities in addition to presenting at exotic animal, veterinary behavior, and working dog national conferences. He has also served as an active member of the Scientific Working Group on Dog and Orthogonal Detector Guidelines (SWGDOG) and the National Institute for Standards and Technology’s Organization of Scientific Area Committee (OSAC) Dogs and Sensors Subcommittee.